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    March 09

    英雄与追兵的故事

    在人民大学经济论坛上看到这么一个英雄的故事,这仿佛是我们在武侠小说中才能看到的场景,这也是一个关于博弈论的一个案例.如果我们的武侠小说的作者也能熟悉博弈论的分析方法,我们的武侠小说肯定会在浪漫主义之中融入让人信服的元素.

    故事:假如你是一位英雄,手中的剑已经折断,而在你后面,正有一帮坏人追杀你。幸运的是,你骑着马,而他们却没有。不幸的是,你的马已经筋疲力竭,而他们将最中会抓到你。幸好你有一把弓箭。可惜你只有十支箭。值得庆幸的是,作为一位英雄,你总是百发百中,从未失过手。糟糕的是,后有四十追兵,他们以一定的间隔在你身后横向排开一队,以最快的速度向前冲。他们离你很紧,已经到了射程之内。
     
    问题:请运用博弈论的方法分析找出逃脱的策略.

    英雄应采取的策略:枪打出头鸟
    对于英雄,优势在于骑马,只要马可以恢复体力,就可以逃脱.因而,告诉他们,"我会射死离自己最近的那个追兵"! 然后转换逃跑方向,此时四十追兵和自己的距离就会不同,这时射杀距离最近的那个.
     
    追兵应采取的策略:需要冲锋陷阵的具有不怕死精神的董存瑞式的战士,共产主义思想教育年年讲,月月讲,日日讲,时时讲,刻刻讲,关键时刻更要讲.(胡乱侃!!呵呵)
    对于那些追兵,其策略有两个:追在最前,追在后面.若追在最前,则被射死;不追在前面,则至少可以活命.若有别人追在前面,等对方箭支射完,则可以抓住对方,获得奖赏.

    结论:在获知对方的威胁:"射死追的最快的人"是可置信的时候,每个人都不会追在最前,最后有两种可能结果:要么始终保持一排,要么在对方射程之外追.第一个均衡状态下:当英雄改变方向时,他们中必然有一部分需要放慢速度,以保持均衡状态,这一过程必然使得追赶的速度放慢.久而久之,必然难以追上.第二个均衡状态下,英雄自然是安全的.

    综上,当英雄采取了威胁策略后,追兵速度肯定放慢,英雄可以获得喘息的机会,等马恢复体力后便可轻易逃脱.

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